Cortical Hyperarousal and Adolescent Insomnia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 577 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? Children who have abnormal tracing patterns measured by an EEG and show signs of apparent cortical hyperarousal will most likely develop insomnia as an adolescent. Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can arise from multiple issues including anxiety, PTSD, and depression. Children who experience cortical arousal can encounter persistent problems falling asleep leading to deficient sleeping patterns. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cortical Hyperarousal and Adolescent Insomnia" essay for you Create order By measuring a childs brain activity using an EEG, a neurologist can discover unusual tracing patterns pertaining to cortical hyperarousal; therefore; predicting early signs of insomnia (Fernandez-Mendoza et al., 2018). If a child has early onset symptoms of insomnia, treatments such as behavioral therapy, benzodiazepines, or cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as treatments and preventative strategies. Fernandez-Mendoza et al. (2018) had performed an EEG on two groups of children (sleeping problems or no sleeping problems) during their non-REM sleep to then be studied and see who has higher levels of cortical hyperarousal in association with poor sleeping habits. Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Insomnia Children who have been exposed to at least one adversity in their life are more likely to have insomnia as an adolescent than ones who havent. Childhood maltreatment such as abuse and neglect have been studied in correspondence to children with sleeping issues but children exposed to violence are not considered victims (Wang, Raffeld, Slopen, Hale, Dunn, 2018). This is yet still an adversity that can easily occur during ones childhood because they are much more sensitive during this stage of their life. Adversities during childhood can play a major role in a persons adolescent life and can lead to higher levels of stress and anxiety causing them to develop sleeping problems such as insomnia. Patients with psychiatric disorders such as PTSD, major depression, and generalized anxiety disorder are excluded from this theory. Childhood Insomnia During the Day Insomnia is not only an issue at night when a person is sleeping, it is a 24-hour disorder and effects people all day long. One cannot dismiss cortical hyperarousal during the day. Treatments for insomnia should be focused on improving life quality during the day in addition to at night. Impairment of day time functions are typically shown in patients with insomnia which will affect the way their cortical hyperarousal throughout the day altering in high functioning EEG waves (Cortoos, Verstraeten, Cluydts, 2006). This piece of information is vital because if a child is affected daily due to lack of sleep, it can be crucial when detecting insomnia. High Frequency EEG and Cortical Hyperarousal Cortical hyperarousal can lead to insomnia which puts those individuals at risk for psychiatric disorders (Fernandez-Mendoza et al., 2018). When monitoring children during non-REM sleep, if they have an increased beta EEG power it can be a significant predictor of insomnia symptoms in adolescents. Fernandez-Mendoza et al. (2018) conducted a study was conducting with 45 children aged 6-11 years old; 25 were reported by their parents as having sleeping problems and 20 were reported no sleeping problems. After 8 years, they followed up with the children to see if they were reported as having insomnia or not. The children were set up to EEG machines and were monitored from 22:00-7:00. After the EEG tests were observed, it is apparent that if a child was reported as having cortical hyperarousal, he/she showed increased EEG beta activity while in non-REM sleep. These children were then followed up with 8 years later and reported as having insomnia. Prior to insomnia diagnosis, cortical hyperarousal was present and may be and early onset sign of insomnia.

Socrates a revolutionary thinker - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1117 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category People Essay Tags: Socrates Essay Did you like this example? Socrates was known as the father of western philosophy. His new ways of thinking had brought a revolutionary change in ancient Greece; His studies had transformed people view of philosophy. Socrates radical ways of thinking had made him both popular and unpopular among the citizens of Athens. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Socrates a revolutionary thinker" essay for you Create order After his death, philosophers debated if Socrates theory were ever the act of a wise man spreading logic and reason or was he a madman spreading false wisdom. According to the article Twilight of idols Fredrich Nietzsche, he criticizes Socrates traditional philosophy. Friedrich Nietzsche was a 19th-century German philosopher who throughout his career, he has published numerous works of philosophy including the two principal articles Twilight of Idols and Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Nietzsche tries to attempt to reveal the motives that underlie traditional western philosophy in the twilight of idols. He uses Twilight of idols to debates Socrates last words, comparing his ideal of health to Plato/Socrates, and his critique of metaphysics. Nietzsche Twilight of idols to debates Socrates last words. Before Socrates death, he said: to livethat means to be sick a long time: I owe Asclepius the Savior a rooster (Socrates 1). Asclepius is the god of healing and one pays with the rooster after being cure of illness. In his last words, Socrates implies that life is a disease only cured by death. Socrates concluded that he was tormented by sickness of living. However, Nietzsche argues that such a perspective on life is only revealing different kind of life but not life itself. He believed that Socrates sickness played a factor in his search for the value of life as opposition to give value to his life. Nietzsche states we should give value to our lives based on our passions compared to an objectively set standard for the need good is what we should go for since Nietzsche explains value of life cannot be estimated(Socrates 2). He also claims that objective judgement that concern life made by Socrates are false accusations influ enced by symptoms of his condemned life. According to Nietzsche, Socrates has lived a life of such decadent. A corrupt leader who instinct of decadent was a natural impulse. That is to say it would be better to live a life not worth living such as the one Socrates had lived . Overall Nietzsche views Socrates as a sick unhappy man that wished for death. In Twilight of idols Nietzsche criticizes his perspective of health versus Socrates/Plato of health. Socrates last words defined his idea of the health and virtue of the human soul. According to Socrates to contain the health of the soul, one must fight against all bodily pleasures and urges. So, when Socrates stated that to live means to be sick a long time (Socrates 2) he was implying that throughout his life he had to fight consistently for the purification of his soul until death. Socrates believed that the soul was immortal, so he explained that death is not the end of the soul existence, but soul separating from the body. Throughout the centuries many philosophers have debated Socrates theory on purification of the soul. For instance, following in his teachers footsteps, Plato fully believed in the soul being immortal and argued the importance of keeping the soul pure. He believed that we would be reward not only in life but reward after death if we followed purification of the soul. Plato also argue how our bodily pleasures taints the purification of our soul. However, some philosophers like Nietzsche would disagree with Socrates theory about the health of the human soul. Philosopher Nietzsche claims Socrates to be a sick man who went against the instinct of life. He states Socrates as a sick corrupt leader that tries to estimate the value of life by labeling it good. Nietzsche also concluded that all philosophers who say life is useless shows a sickness that has clouded their judgment (Socrates 2). He believes that we cannot estimate the value of life; therefore, we cannot judge the value of life for it is meaningless. So, while Plato and Socrates agree to keep the soul healthy one must spend their life resisting their bodily urges until cured by death. Nietzsche disagrees with both philosophers saying Socrates theory of the soul will only spread sickness among philosophers and is foolish. Nietzsches uses the article Twilight of Idols to express his critique of metaphysics. Nitezchs claim that Socrates last dying words were based more on reason oppose to instinct. He believed that through the power of reason he could gain control over his body .Socrates belief in the authority of reason came from his idea of being. This idea of being came from the belief in the metaphysical world versus the physical world. Metaphysical world is the invisible world of mind and ideas compare to the physical world that is a visible world of sight and things seen. Metaphysicians made a moral judgment against these two different. They believed the metaphysical world to be good and immortal because of its goodness. But metaphysicians judge the visible world to be evil and flawed. Nietzsches question why the physical world should be degraded compared to the metaphysical world. He stated the metaphysical world was thought to be permanent and stable enteral reality with no change. Compared to the physical world which was constantly changing and transforming known as the becoming. Nietzsche concluded that since the metaphysical world was stable and permanent reality that it was consider good because the physical world was always changing it was considered to be consider evil. Nietzsche only believed there to be physical world that is true and logical compare to Metaphysical world that is just an illusion. He believes the invisible world was created for one to secret escaped from the pain and suffering of visible world. Socrates was a revolutionary thinker that had changed the ways of common beliefs in western philosophy. Socrates philosophy has caused many philosophy to debate over his theories. Philosopher Fredrich Nietzsche used this article Twilight of the Idols to debate Socrates traditional western philosophy. Based on his last words, Nietzsche believed Socrates was a sick man who truly believed that life was a disease only cured by death. Socrates last word also indicate his idea of the virtue and health of the human soul. He believed that fighting his instincts would keep his soul healthy and pure. However, Nietzsche argues that fighting our instinct goes against our human nature, therefore, making it an unhealthy belief. Besides criticizes the health of the human soul, Nietzsche also points out that the metaphysical world is an illusion for people like Socrates to escape reality because the physical world is only the actual real world.

Do We Need Mass Immigration Free Essays

According to the author Anthony Brown (â€Å"1Britain does not have a declining workforce, but the fastest growing workforce in Europe. This is largely due to the increase in retirement age of women from 60 to 65between 2010 and 2020. The Government Actuary Service predicts that, with zero net immigration, the workforce will grow by 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Do We Need Mass Immigration? or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2m by 2020, from 36.89m in2000 to 38.127 in 2020†.)   In his point of view immigrations currently configured increases inequality-ties in the UK because it causes a massive redistribution of wealth from those who compete with immigrants in the labor market (who tend to be poor, and suffer lower wages), to those who employ them (who tend to be rich, and enjoy lower costs and bigger profits). This effect swell documented in the US. In addition, in the UK, with its tight property market, those who win are those who already own property, particularly those who rent it out; and those who lose are those who rent their homes and those trying to get on the property ladder. Again, this is generally a redistribution of wealth from poor to rich Immigration. in allowing people to move to where the can maximize their welfare and get maximum return on their skills, is a definite force for good in the world, so longs it doesn’t lead to unbalanced, unsustainable and destabilizing population flows. Therefore, the UK government should aim at policies that allow as free a movement of people as is compatible with having balanced and sustain-able migration, as has been achieved within the EU. Britain 1. This is taken from the book of Do We Need Mass Immigration by Anthony Browney. Should initiate negotiations on having an open border policy with other high-income countries such as Japan, where migration flows are likely to be limited, balanced and beneficial. The Human Rights Principles that Underlie this Work: The author assumes that in this book certain human rights principles,Which I believe should be inalienable and should not beCompromised for political expediency. †¢ Everyone has the right not to be subjected to discrimination of any sort, including racial discrimination. †¢ Everyone has the right to be accepted as a full and equal citizen in the country they were born and grew up in.Ethnic minorities born in the UK are as British as a white person whose family has been here for centuries. It is deeply unjust that in certain Middle East states, and formerly in Germany, immigrant workers’ children who are born in the country and have lived in it all their lives are denied citizenship. White Zimbabweans who were born there, and indeed whose families emigrated there generations ago, have a right to be considered full Zimbabweans. †¢ Every nation has the right to decide who can move there and who can’t. States have a fundamental right to protect the integrity of their borders. †¢ Everyone with a genuine fear of persecution by their government should have the right  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to asylum. The result is that Immigration is more characterized by distortion, denial and hostility to debate than any other public issue. Such a distorted, one-sided debate would be Inconceivable in any other area of such national importance, whether economics, law and order, or defence.As public concern about immigration has grown, so the Pro-immigrationists imperative to promote more immigration has meant that all counter arguments have had to be neutralized, even if that means a complete U-turn on Previously held positions. (â€Å"2In the late 1990s, governments of all major industrialized nations signed passionate communiquà ©s about how mass unemployment was the biggest problem facing modern society†). Then immigration reared its head, and suddenly it is mass   labor shortages that are the biggest problem of our time. From labor surplus to labor shortage in a few short years—how intellectual fashions flutter in the political wind. In the US, there is an anti-immigration group made up explicitly of ethnic minorities, called the Diversity Alliance, founded by an immigrant from Vietnam who worked in the immigration industry before concluding it was getting out of hand. They conducted an opinion poll which showed that 65 per cent of black Americans favour a moratorium on legal immigration. One of the leading immigration reform journalists in the US is Michelle Malkin, an Asian-American, and author of Invasion. Many of the founders of the black rights movement in the US were anti-immigrant,because of the effect immigration was having in undermining African-Americans in the labour market There are many other motives to oppose immigration which are honourable and nothing to do with racism. Samuel Gompers, the founder of the American Federation of Labor, was a Jewish immigrant who supported the early twentieth-century immigration cut-off in the US. In a 1924 letter to Congress, Gompers wrote(â€Å"Every effort to enact immigration legislation must expect to meet a number of hostile forces and, in particular, two hostile forces of considerable strength†). One of these is composed of corporation Employers who desire to employ physical strength at the lowest possible wage and who prefer a rapidly revolving labor supply at low wages to a regular supply of American wage-earners at fair wages. The other is composed of racial groups in the United States who oppose all restrictive legislation because they want the doors left open for an influx of their countrymen. The brief description in his point of view   is not anti-immigration or anti-immigrant, but argues that the current record wave of immigration is unsustainable and both detrimental to the interests of many people in Britain and against the wishes of the majority of people in Britain. It argues that Britain does not have a moral duty to accept immigration, and that immigration is ineffective as a global development policy. It argues for immigration that is balanced, with equal numbers of people coming and going and that is in the interests of people in Britain rather than Justin the interests of potential immigrants, recent immigrants and businesses that like cheap labor. The immigration system should command the acceptance and confidence of the people of Britain. It also argues that the government should pursue an open borders policy in so far as this is compatible with balanced and sustainable migration, such as negotiating an open border policy with Japan. The UK is experiencing the highest levels of net immigration in its history, quadrupling the rate of population growth and adding 543,000 to the population in the last three years, and 1.02m to the population between 1992 and2000.The level of net legal immigration has grown from 35,000in 1993 to 183,000 in 2000 (the difference between 482,000 (  Ã‚   2. This is also from the same source as above mentioned page no 23) arriving and 299,000 leaving). On top of this is an unknown amount of illegal immigration .Unless immigration declines, it will add more than two million people every ten years. The Government Actuary Service estimates that with immigration of 195,000 a year(very close to the present level of legal immigration), the UK population will grow from 59.8m in 2000 to 68.0m in 2031.On present trends, around 6m of the 8m increase in population will move to London and the South East. This is a completely different phenomenon from earlier waves of immigration, such as Huguenots, Jews and Ugandan Asians, all of whom were forced to leave their Bibliography 1. Brittain, A.W. (1991) ‘Anticipated Child Loss to Migration and Sustained High Fertility in an East Caribbean Population’, Social Biology Vol. 38 No. 1-2 pp. 94-112 2. Coleman, D. (November 2000) ‘Migration to Europe: critique of the new establishment consensus’, speech to Workshop on Demographic Specificity and Integration of Migrants, Federal Institute of Population Research, Germany. 3. By James Antle:   ‘The Myth Of Mynority Natural Republicans.† 4. Shaw, C. (2001) ‘United Kingdom Population Trends in the 21st Century’, Population Trends 103 London: The Stationery Office. 5. Webs.       How to cite Do We Need Mass Immigration?, Essay examples